Semiconductors have become an essential pillar of the global economy and technological security. In this context, China announced an unprecedented investment of 37 billion euros to accelerate its technological autonomy, which has so far been hindered by the dominance of Europe and the United States. This strategic sector, embodied by players such as ASML, the world leader in photolithography equipment, is now at the heart of fierce competition. Beijing is not only looking to bridge its gap but to redefine the balance of power with the aim of achieving complete independence. This initiative could reshape the contours of global innovation and intensify tensions in an already high-pressure market.