The announcement of the return of Donald Trump's protectionism represents a notable shift in transatlantic economic relations, as it threatens to reignite trade tensions between the United States and Europe. Faced with a policy that could once again shake international exchanges, France is ready to vigorously defend its interests. At stake are the strategic sectors of industry and agriculture, while the European Union contemplates new measures to protect its economy. Thus, between French determination and European consultation, the debate around American protectionism continues to intensify, with major implications for economic actors on both sides of the Atlantic.