Global trade is going through a period marked by increasing tensions, where diplomacy and economy intertwine in strategic rivalries. Indeed, China's opening of an anti-dumping investigation into European cognac imports signals a new front in the trade conflict with the European Union. This move, perceived as a direct response to European accusations against Chinese subsidies for electric vehicles, reflects an escalation of economic retaliations between two major powers. Such a case goes beyond a mere trade dispute. It raises fundamental questions about the balance of international exchanges and the role of institutions like the World Trade Organization in arbitrating these disputes in an increasingly complex rivalry context.